Learn German Grammar

Learn German grammar step by step: der, die, das, conjugation and tenses, the four cases, adjective endings, pronouns, prepositions, word order and clauses — with practice, audio and tables for 300 verbs. Free, no account.

Nouns & Articles: der, die, das & plurals

Every German noun has a gender — der, die or das — and the article comes with it everywhere. Learn the endings that give the gender away, how plurals are formed, and when to use ein and kein.

Three genders: der, die, das — Every German noun has a grammatical gender: masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das). Nouns are always written with a capital letter.
Endings that tell the gender — Many endings give the gender away:
Genders by meaning — Some groups of words share a gender. der: days, months and seasons (der Montag, der Mai, der Sommer), directions (der Norden), weather (der Regen, der Schnee, der Wind) and most alcoholic drinks (der Wein — but das Bier).
Compound nouns — German glues nouns together into one word: das Haus + die Tür = die Haustür (front door). The last part tells you what it is, so it decides the gender and the plural.
Plurals — German has five ways to make a plural. The article is always the same: die. der Tisch → die Tische, das Kind → die Kinder.
Plurals with an umlaut — Many plurals also change the vowel: a, o, u and au become ä, ö, ü and äu. It happens most with -e and -er plurals, and with some nouns that have no ending.
ein and eine — The indefinite article ("a, an") is ein for masculine and neuter nouns and eine for feminine nouns: ein Tisch, ein Buch, eine Lampe.
kein: not a, no — kein means "not a, not any, no". It replaces ein, and it's also used for nouns with no article: Ich habe ein Auto → Ich habe kein Auto. Ich habe Zeit → Ich habe keine Zeit.
dieser, jeder, welcher — dieser (this), jeder (every, each) and welcher (which) take the same endings as der, die, das: -er where der has -er, -e for die, -es for das, -en for den, -em for dem.
viel, viele, ein paar, alle — With things you can't count, use viel (much) and wenig (little) without an ending: viel Zeit, wenig Geld. With things you can count, use the plural forms viele, wenige: viele Freunde, wenige Leute.
No article — Professions, nationalities and religions after sein and werden take no article: Ich bin Lehrerin. Er wird Arzt. With an adjective, ein comes back: Er ist ein guter Arzt.

Verbs: Conjugation & tenses

How a verb changes for ich, du, er, wir, ihr and sie; how to talk about the past and the future; the Konjunktiv and the passive; and the irregular verbs you have to learn by heart. Full tables for 300 verbs are in the Verb Explorer.

The six persons — A German verb changes its ending to match who is doing the action. There are six forms to learn, one for each person.
Regular endings — Take the infinitive and drop -en to find the stem: spielen → spiel-. Then add the ending for the person.
Stems ending in -t or -d — When the stem ends in -t or -d, German adds an -e- before the endings -st and -t. Without it you couldn't hear the ending: arbeit-t would sound just like arbeit.
Stems ending in s, ß, z — When the stem already ends in an s-sound (s, ss, ß, z, tz, x), the du form only adds -t. Du heißst would be impossible to say, so it's du heißt.
-eln and -ern verbs — A few verbs end in -eln or -ern instead of -en: lächeln, sammeln, wandern, ändern. Their stem is everything before the final -n.
sein — to be — sein is the most common German verb and completely irregular: just learn its six forms by heart.
haben and werden — haben (to have) is regular except for du hast and er/sie/es hat: the b disappears.
Stem change e → i — Many strong verbs change the e of their stem to i, but only in the du and er/sie/es forms. ich, wir, ihr and sie keep the e.
Stem change e → ie — A smaller group changes a long e to ie in the du and er/sie/es forms: sehen → sieht, lesen → liest, empfehlen → empfiehlt.
Stem change a → ä — Many strong verbs with a in the stem get an umlaut in the du and er/sie/es forms: fahren → du fährst, er fährt. Verbs with au get äu: laufen → läuft.
Modal verbs — The six modal verbs say what you can, must, may, want, should or like to do. In the singular they change their vowel (können → ich kann) — except sollen.
wissen vs. kennen — wissen (to know a fact) is conjugated like a modal verb: ich weiß, er weiß — no ending, and the same form for both.
Separable verbs — Many verbs have a stressed prefix such as an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu-, zurück- or fern-. In a main clause the prefix splits off and goes to the very end.
Inseparable prefixes — The prefixes be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver- and zer- are never stressed and never split off: Ich verstehe dich.
Reflexive verbs — Reflexive verbs come with a pronoun that points back to the subject: sich freuen (to be glad), sich beeilen (to hurry).
Commands (Imperativ) — du: take the stem with no ending: komm!, mach!, geh! Stems ending in -t/-d add -e: warte!, arbeite!
Präsens: now, habits, future — German has just one present tense. Ich lese means "I read", "I'm reading" and "I do read".
Perfekt — The Perfekt is the normal way to talk about the past when speaking. It has two parts: a form of haben (or sein) in second position, and the Partizip II at the end of the sentence.
Partizip II: ge- … -t — Regular (weak) verbs form the Partizip II with ge- in front and -t at the end: machen → gemacht, kaufen → gekauft, spielen → gespielt.
Partizip II: ge- … -en — Strong verbs end in -en instead of -t: fahren → gefahren, sehen → gesehen, geben → gegeben.
Mixed verbs — A handful of verbs mix both patterns: they end in -t like regular verbs but change their stem like strong ones.
Separable verbs: -ge- in the middle — Separable verbs put ge- between the prefix and the verb, written as one word: aufstehen → aufgestanden, abholen → abgeholt.
No ge-: be-, ver-, … and -ieren — Verbs with an inseparable prefix (be-, emp-, ent-, er-, ge-, miss-, ver-, zer-) take no ge-: bezahlen → bezahlt, verstehen → verstanden, bekommen → bekommen.
sein or haben? — Most verbs make the Perfekt with haben. A smaller group uses sein: verbs of movement from A to B (gehen, fahren, fliegen, kommen, laufen) and verbs of change of state (aufwachen, werden, wachsen, sterben).
Präteritum of regular verbs — Regular verbs form the Präteritum by adding -te- to the stem, then the endings: ich machte, du machtest, er machte, wir machten, ihr machtet, sie machten.
Präteritum of strong verbs — Strong verbs change their vowel and take no -te-: fahren → fuhr, gehen → ging, kommen → kam.
Präteritum in speech — In writing — books, news, stories — the Präteritum is the normal past tense.
Futur I — The Futur is werden in second position plus the infinitive at the end: Ich werde dich morgen anrufen.
Plusquamperfekt — The Plusquamperfekt is the Perfekt with haben or sein in the Präteritum: ich hatte gegessen, ich war gefahren.
Konjunktiv II — The Konjunktiv II talks about wishes, polite requests and unreal situations — English "would".
Konjunktiv II of the past — To talk about what would have happened, use hätte or wäre + the Partizip II. The choice between haben and sein is the same as in the Perfekt: Ich hätte das gemacht. Ich wäre gekommen.
The passive — The passive puts the action first and the doer in the background: Das Haus wird gerade renoviert. (The house is being renovated.) It's built with werden + the Partizip II at the end.
lassen: let, leave, have done — lassen has three common meanings: leave (Ich lasse das Handy zu Hause), let, allow (Lass mich in Ruhe!) and have something done by someone else (Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren).
Modals in the Perfekt — With another verb, a modal in the Perfekt uses its infinitive, not its participle — two infinitives at the end: Ich habe nicht kommen können. Wir haben lange warten müssen.
Futur II — The Futur II says that something will be finished by a point in the future: Bis Montag werde ich das Buch gelesen haben. It's werden + the Partizip II + haben or sein at the end.
Passive: Perfekt and state — The Perfekt of the passive uses sein and worden — not geworden: Das Haus ist 1900 gebaut worden. geworden is only for werden as a full verb: Er ist Arzt geworden.
Passive with modal verbs — With a modal verb, the passive ends in the Partizip II + werden: Das Auto muss repariert werden. (The car has to be repaired.)
Konjunktiv I: reported speech — News reports and formal writing use the Konjunktiv I to pass on what someone said without vouching for it: Er sagt, er sei krank.

Cases: Who does what to whom

German shows who does what with case endings, mostly on the article: der Mann sieht den Hund. Learn the four cases, the verbs that take the dative, and the nouns that add -n.

The four cases — German marks the job a noun does in the sentence with its case, mostly visible on the article. That's why word order can be freer than in English: Den Hund sieht der Mann still means "the man sees the dog".
Nominative: the subject — The subject is in the nominative: the person or thing that does the action. It's the form you find in the dictionary.
Accusative: the direct object — The direct object — what the action is done to — is in the accusative. Most verbs with an object take it: haben, sehen, kaufen, brauchen, suchen, kennen …
Dative: to whom — The indirect object — the person something is given, shown or told to — is in the dative: Ich gebe dem Kind einen Apfel.
Verbs that take the dative — A small group of very common verbs takes a dative object, not an accusative one: helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, antworten, gratulieren, folgen, glauben, schmecken, passen, fehlen, wehtun.
wer, wen, wem, wessen — The question word for people changes with case, just like der: wer (nominative), wen (accusative), wem (dative), wessen (genitive).
Genitive: whose — The genitive shows possession: das Auto des Vaters* (the father's car). Masculine and neuter use des and add -s or -es to the noun (-es mostly after one syllable: des Mannes, des Hauses). Feminine and plural use der*.
Nouns that add -n — A group of masculine nouns adds -n or -en in every case except the nominative singular: der Junge, den Jungen, dem Jungen, des Jungen. They're called weak nouns or n-nouns.

Adjectives & Adverbs: Endings & comparison

Before a noun, an adjective takes an ending that depends on the article in front of it. Learn the three patterns, how to compare (schnell, schneller, am schnellsten) and how adverbs work.

After sein: no ending — After sein, werden and bleiben, an adjective has no ending: Das Auto ist neu. Die Kinder sind müde.
After der, die, das — After der, die, das (and dieser, jeder, welcher, alle) the article already shows gender and case, so the adjective only needs -e or -en.
After ein, kein, mein — ein has no ending in three places — masculine nominative and neuter nominative and accusative — so it can't show the gender there. The adjective does it instead: ein alter Mann, ein altes Haus.
No article — With no article at all, the adjective has to do all the work, so it takes the endings of der, die, das itself: kalter Kaffee (der), frische Milch (die), kaltes Wasser (das), mit kaltem Wasser (dem).
Comparing: -er als — Add -er to compare, and use als for "than": Der Zug ist schneller als der Bus.
The most: am -sten — After a verb, the superlative is am …sten: Wer läuft am schnellsten?
gut, besser, am besten — A handful of very common words compare irregularly. Learn them as a set:
Adverbs: how, when, how often — Any adjective can describe how something is done, without an ending and without an extra -ly: Sie singt schön. Er fährt schnell.
Adjectives as nouns — An adjective can become a noun: it gets a capital letter but keeps its adjective ending. der Deutsche, ein Deutscher, die Deutschen; der Bekannte, ein Bekannter.
Participles as adjectives — Both participles can be used as adjectives, with the normal endings. Partizip I (infinitive + -d) describes something happening right now: das schlafende Kind (the sleeping child), kochendes Wasser.
der erste, der dritte: ordinals — Ordinal numbers (first, second …) add -te to the number up to 19 and -ste from 20: der zweite, der vierte, der neunzehnte, der zwanzigste, der hundertste. Four are irregular: erste, dritte, siebte, achte.

Pronouns: ich, mich, mir & more

Pronouns change with case just like articles: ich, mich, mir. Learn the personal, possessive, reflexive and relative pronouns, and words like man, jemand and nichts.

er, sie, es for things — The subject pronouns are ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie and polite Sie.
mich, dich, ihn — As a direct object (accusative), the pronouns change: mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie, Sie.
mir, dir, ihm — As an indirect object (dative) the pronouns are mir, dir, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, ihnen, Ihnen.
mein, dein, sein, ihr — Each person has a possessive: mein (my), dein (your), sein (his, its), ihr (her), unser (our), euer (your, plural), ihr (their), Ihr (your, polite).
mich or mir? Reflexive pronouns — Reflexive pronouns point back to the subject: Ich wasche mich. They're the same as the object pronouns, except for the third person and Sie: always sich.
Relative pronouns: der, den, dem — Relative pronouns ("who, which, that") look like der, die, das — with a few longer forms: dessen, deren, denen.
man, jemand, nichts, alle — man is the general "you" or "people". It always takes the er form of the verb: Hier darf man nicht rauchen.
der, die, das as pronouns — In spoken German, der, die, das often replace er, sie, es to point at someone or something just mentioned: Kennst du Paul? – Ja, den kenne ich gut. They usually come first in the sentence and are stressed.
welcher or was für ein? — welcher asks which one from a known choice: Welches Auto gehört dir, das rote oder das blaue? It takes the endings of der.
es: it's raining, there is — German needs a subject, so many phrases use an empty es: weather (Es regnet, es schneit, es ist kalt), time (Es ist acht Uhr), es gibt (there is/are) and set phrases (Wie geht es dir? Es tut mir leid.).

Prepositions & Particles: Little words, big rules

Every preposition decides the case after it: für den Freund, mit dem Freund. Learn which takes which, the two-way prepositions, verbs with fixed prepositions, negation with nicht and kein, and the little words that make German sound natural.

für, ohne, durch: accusative — These prepositions are always followed by the accusative: durch (through), für (for), gegen (against), ohne (without), um (around, at), bis (until).
mit, bei, nach: dative — These prepositions are always followed by the dative: aus (from, out of), außer (except), bei (at, near), mit (with, by), nach (after, to), seit (since, for), von (from, of), zu (to), gegenüber (opposite).
in, auf, an: where or where to? — Nine prepositions can take either case: an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen.
im, ins, zum, am — Some prepositions merge with dem or das (and zu with der) — and in everyday German the short form is the normal one:
wegen, trotz, während — wegen (because of), trotz (despite), während (during) and statt (instead of) take the genitive in standard German: wegen des Regens, während der Woche.
Verbs with prepositions — Many verbs come with a fixed preposition that you can't guess from English: warten auf* (wait for), denken an (think of), sich interessieren für (be interested in), Angst haben vor* (be afraid of).
darauf, worauf — For things, a preposition + pronoun becomes one word with da-: Wartest du auf den Bus? – Ja, ich warte darauf. The question word gets wo-: *Worauf wartest du?*
nicht or kein? — Use kein to negate a noun that would have ein or no article: Ich habe keine Zeit. Er hat keinen Hund.
ja, nein, doch — German has a third answer word. doch means "yes" in reply to a negative question or statement: Hast du keinen Hunger? – Doch, ich habe großen Hunger.
doch, mal, ja, denn — Spoken German is full of modal particles: small words that don't change the facts but the tone. They're what makes German sound natural.
um, am, im: when — um for clock times: um acht Uhr, um halb neun.
vor, seit, für, in: how long — vor + dative is "ago": vor zwei Wochen. seit + dative is "since" or "for" something that's still going on — with the present tense: Ich wohne seit drei Jahren hier (I've lived here for three years).
nach, in, zu: where to — nach: cities and countries without an article, and nach Hause: nach Berlin, nach Spanien.
in, bei, an: where — Each "where to" has a matching "where", always with the dative:

Sentence Structure: Word order & questions

The verb comes second in statements, first in questions and commands, and second parts go to the end. Learn where the verb goes and where everything else fits around it.

Verb second — In a German statement the conjugated verb is always the second element. The first element can be one word or a whole phrase: Meine kleine Schwester | spielt | Klavier.
Something else first — You can start a sentence with a time, a place or an object instead of the subject — but the verb stays second, so the subject moves behind it: Heute gehe ich ins Kino.
Yes/no questions — Questions that are answered with yes or no start with the verb, then the subject: Hast du Hunger?
W-questions — Questions with a question word (wer, was, wo, wann, warum, wie, woher, wohin, wie viel) put that word first and the verb second — the same rule as statements.
Commands — Commands start with the verb. With du and ihr there's no pronoun; with Sie the pronoun follows the verb: Nehmen Sie Platz!
Separable prefix at the end — With a separable verb, the conjugated part is in second position and the prefix closes the sentence. Everything else goes between them: Ich stehe jeden Morgen um sechs auf.
Modal + infinitive at the end — A modal verb takes second position; the other verb goes to the end as an infinitive: Ich muss heute arbeiten.
Perfekt: participle at the end — In the Perfekt, haben/sein is second and the participle goes to the end, with everything else in between: Ich habe gestern einen Film gesehen.
Futur: infinitive at the end — werden is second, the infinitive goes to the end: Nächstes Jahr werden wir in Spanien wohnen.
Time – cause – manner – place — When several details come after the verb, the usual order is Temporal (when) – Kausal (why) – Modal (how) – Lokal (where): Ich fahre morgen mit dem Zug nach Berlin.
Where nicht goes — To negate the whole sentence, nicht goes towards the end, after objects and time words: Ich komme heute nicht.
Two objects — With two nouns, the dative (to whom) comes before the accusative (what): Ich gebe dem Kind das Buch.

Clauses & Conjunctions: Joining sentences

Join sentences: und and aber keep the order, weil and dass send the verb to the end. Learn subordinate clauses, zu-infinitives, relative clauses and how to say what would happen if.

und, aber, oder, denn, sondern — und, aber, oder, denn and sondern join two main clauses without counting as an element. After them, the clause starts normally: subject, then verb.
weil, dass, ob, wenn: verb last — Subordinating conjunctions — weil, dass, ob, wenn, als, obwohl, bis, nachdem and question words in indirect questions — send the conjugated verb to the very end of their clause.
Separable verbs join up again — When a separable verb goes to the end of a subordinate clause, the prefix and verb join back into one word: Ich weiß, dass du früh aufstehst.
Two verbs in a subordinate clause — With two verbs in a subordinate clause, the conjugated verb comes last, right after the participle or infinitive: …, weil ich viel gearbeitet habe. / …, dass sie nicht kommen kann.
Subordinate clause first — A whole subordinate clause can be the first element of a sentence. The main clause then starts with its verb, so you get two verbs next to each other around the comma: Wenn ich Zeit habe, komme ich.
zu + infinitive — Infinitive phrases with zu put the infinitive at the end, with zu just before it: Ich habe keine Lust, heute zu kochen.
dass or das? — dass (with ss) is the conjunction "that": it starts a clause and sends the verb to the end. Ich glaube, dass er recht hat.
dass, ob or wenn? — ob means "whether, if" in an indirect yes/no question: Ich weiß nicht, ob er heute kommt. (Kommt er heute?)
wenn, als or wann? — English "when" has three German translations:
deshalb, trotzdem, sonst — Some linking words are adverbs, not conjunctions: deshalb (so, that's why), trotzdem (anyway, still), sonst (otherwise), dann (then), außerdem (besides).
um … zu or damit? — Both express a purpose ("so that, in order to").
entweder … oder, weder … noch — Some conjunctions come in two parts: entweder … oder (either … or), weder … noch (neither … nor), sowohl … als auch (both … and), nicht nur … sondern auch (not only … but also), zwar … aber (it's true … but).
Relative clauses — A relative clause describes a noun: Das ist der Mann, der neben mir wohnt. It starts with a relative pronoun (see Pronouns) and is a subordinate clause, so the verb goes to the end.
If I had time … — To talk about something unreal or imagined, use the Konjunktiv II in both parts: Wenn ich Zeit hätte, würde ich kommen.
bevor, nachdem, während, bis — These conjunctions say when, and all send the verb to the end: bevor (before), nachdem (after), während (while), seit (since), bis (until), sobald (as soon as).
je … desto — je … desto (or je … umso) is "the more …, the more …". Both parts start with a comparative.
als ob: as if — als ob (or als wenn) means "as if". It's a subordinate clause with the Konjunktiv II, verb at the end: Er tut so, als ob er krank wäre.
ohne … zu, statt … zu — ohne … zu (without doing) and statt … zu or anstatt … zu (instead of doing) work like um … zu: zu + infinitive at the end. Er ging, ohne sich zu verabschieden.
Relative clauses with was and wo — Use was instead of das after alles, nichts, etwas, vieles, after a superlative used as a noun (das Beste), and to refer to a whole clause: Das ist alles, was ich weiß. Er kommt zu spät, was mich ärgert.

300 German verbs

sein (to be)
haben (to have)
gehören (to belong)
existieren (to exist)
scheinen (to seem, to shine)
bleiben (to stay, to remain)
wohnen (to live (somewhere))
leben (to be alive, to live (a life))
besitzen (to own)
enthalten (to contain)
bedeuten (to mean)
abhängen (to depend)
erscheinen (to appear, to come out)
kosten (to cost)
passen (to fit, to suit)
wiegen (to weigh)
warten (to wait)
passieren (to happen)
weitermachen (to continue, to carry on)
wehtun (to hurt)
ausruhen (to rest)
liegen (to lie (be lying))
heißen (to be called)
fehlen (to be missing, to lack)
machen (to do, to make)
benutzen (to use)
bekommen (to get, to receive)
behalten (to keep)
finden (to find)
verlieren (to lose)
kaufen (to buy)
verkaufen (to sell)
bezahlen (to pay)
ausgeben (to spend (money))
sparen (to save (money))
waschen (to wash)
putzen (to clean)
kochen (to cook, to boil)
tragen (to wear, to carry)
öffnen (to open)
schließen (to close, to shut)
abbiegen (to turn (off))
prüfen (to check)
füllen (to fill)
aufwachen (to wake up)
arbeiten (to work)
aufstehen (to get up)
duschen (to shower)
anziehen (to put on, to get dressed)
suchen (to look for)
gehen (to go, to walk)
kommen (to come)
laufen (to walk, to run)
rennen (to run (fast))
hereinkommen (to come in)
verlassen (to leave (a place))
ankommen (to arrive)
zurückkommen (to come back)
überqueren (to cross)
folgen (to follow)
klettern (to climb)
springen (to jump)
fallen (to fall)
schwimmen (to swim)
fliegen (to fly)
fahren (to drive, to go (by vehicle))
reiten (to ride (a horse))
reisen (to travel)
umziehen (to move (house))
bewegen (to move (oneself))
erreichen (to reach)
beeilen (to hurry)
tanzen (to dance)
sitzen (to sit (be sitting))
stehen (to stand)
aussteigen (to get off)
einsteigen (to get on, to board)
nehmen (to take)
geben (to give)
legen (to put (lay down))
stellen (to put (stand upright))
halten (to hold, to stop)
bringen (to bring)
werfen (to throw)
fangen (to catch)
schieben (to push)
ziehen (to pull)
heben (to lift)
schneiden (to cut)
zerbrechen (to break (glass, china))
schlagen (to hit, to beat)
gießen (to pour, to water (plants))
mischen (to mix)
hängen (to hang)
leihen (to lend)
ausleihen (to borrow)
drücken (to press)
packen (to pack)
berühren (to touch)
einschalten (to switch on)
ausschalten (to switch off)
holen (to fetch, to go and get)
essen (to eat)
trinken (to drink)
schlafen (to sleep)
sehen (to see)
hören (to hear, to listen to)
schauen (to look)
fernsehen (to watch TV)
zuhören (to listen)
riechen (to smell)
schmecken (to taste)
atmen (to breathe)
lächeln (to smile)
lachen (to laugh)
weinen (to cry)
singen (to sing)
beißen (to bite)
schlucken (to swallow)
bemerken (to notice)
niesen (to sneeze)
entspannen (to relax)
erholen (to recover)
schwitzen (to sweat)
fühlen (to feel)
sagen (to say)
erzählen (to tell)
fragen (to ask)
antworten (to answer)
erklären (to explain)
sprechen (to speak)
reden (to talk)
anrufen (to call (phone))
schicken (to send)
zurückschreiben (to write back)
beschreiben (to describe)
wiederholen (to repeat)
buchstabieren (to spell)
schreien (to shout, to scream)
flüstern (to whisper)
diskutieren (to discuss)
beschweren (to complain)
versprechen (to promise)
danken (to thank)
warnen (to warn)
übersetzen (to translate)
aussprechen (to pronounce)
erwähnen (to mention)
rufen (to call (out))
zeigen (to show)
denken (to think)
wissen (to know (a fact))
kennen (to know (a person, a place))
verstehen (to understand)
erinnern (to remember, to remind)
lernen (to learn)
vergessen (to forget)
glauben (to believe)
studieren (to study (at university))
lesen (to read)
raten (to guess, to advise)
vorstellen (to imagine, to introduce)
merken (to realize, to notice)
überlegen (to think over, to consider)
vergleichen (to compare)
zählen (to count)
unterrichten (to teach)
üben (to practise)
konzentrieren (to concentrate)
zweifeln (to doubt)
vermuten (to suppose, to suspect)
entdecken (to discover)
messen (to measure)
wollen (to want)
brauchen (to need)
mögen (to like)
gefallen (to please, to be liked)
lieben (to love)
hassen (to hate)
bevorzugen (to prefer)
hoffen (to hope)
wünschen (to wish)
genießen (to enjoy)
vermissen (to miss)
kümmern (to take care of, to look after)
erwarten (to expect)
bewundern (to admire)
schätzen (to appreciate, to estimate)
stören (to bother, to disturb)
ärgern (to annoy)
leiden (to suffer)
erschrecken (to frighten, to scare)
träumen (to dream)
freuen (to be glad, to look forward)
fürchten (to fear)
interessieren (to interest)
treffen (to meet)
kennenlernen (to get to know)
helfen (to help)
einladen (to invite)
teilen (to share)
vertrauen (to trust)
besuchen (to visit)
zustimmen (to agree)
streiten (to argue)
heiraten (to marry, to get married)
küssen (to kiss)
umarmen (to hug)
verzeihen (to forgive)
entschuldigen (to apologize, to excuse)
unterstützen (to support)
schützen (to protect)
respektieren (to respect)
spielen (to play)
gewinnen (to win)
begrüßen (to greet, to welcome)
feiern (to celebrate)
begleiten (to accompany, to go with)
duzen (to call someone "du")
anfangen (to start)
beginnen (to begin)
aufhören (to stop (doing))
anhalten (to stop (a vehicle))
werden (to become)
ändern (to change)
beenden (to finish, to end)
wachsen (to grow)
steigen (to rise, to climb)
erhöhen (to increase, to raise)
reduzieren (to reduce)
verbessern (to improve)
entwickeln (to develop)
frieren (to freeze, to be cold)
brennen (to burn)
absagen (to cancel)
ausfüllen (to fill in (a form))
ersetzen (to replace)
verschwinden (to disappear)
sterben (to die)
scheitern (to fail)
bestehen (to pass (an exam))
durchfallen (to fail (an exam))
kündigen (to quit (a job))
wählen (to choose, to vote)
entscheiden (to decide)
versuchen (to try)
lösen (to solve)
organisieren (to organize)
vorbereiten (to prepare)
bestellen (to order)
vermeiden (to avoid)
erlauben (to allow)
ablehnen (to refuse, to turn down)
akzeptieren (to accept)
vorschlagen (to suggest)
empfehlen (to recommend)
schaffen (to manage, to achieve)
anbieten (to offer)
kontrollieren (to control, to check)
abstimmen (to vote)
planen (to plan)
buchen (to book)
reservieren (to reserve)
erledigen (to get done, to deal with)
bauen (to build)
schreiben (to write)
zeichnen (to draw)
reparieren (to repair, to fix)
erstellen (to create, to make (a list, a file))
entwerfen (to design)
malen (to paint (a picture))
streichen (to paint (a wall))
herstellen (to produce, to manufacture)
backen (to bake)
drucken (to print)
aufnehmen (to record)
kopieren (to copy)
bearbeiten (to edit)
installieren (to install)
löschen (to delete)
herunterladen (to download)
liefern (to deliver)
sammeln (to collect)
abholen (to pick up, to collect)
verdienen (to earn, to deserve)
funktionieren (to work (machine))
können (can, to be able to)
müssen (must, to have to)
sollen (should, to be supposed to)
dürfen (may, to be allowed to)
lassen (to let, to leave)
dauern (to last, to take (time))
mieten (to rent)
frühstücken (to have breakfast)
spazieren (to stroll, to go for a walk)
parken (to park)
wandern (to hike)
regnen (to rain)
schneien (to snow)
klingeln (to ring)